Lion’s mane is a powerful antioxidant, mainly because it is rich in superoxide dismutase (SOD) which is used by the body to prevent cell degeneration. SOD is an enzyme that is used in all living cells that helps break down potentially harmful superoxide anions (harmful oxygen molecules). This supports body tissues from being damaged. Superoxide dismutase is also involved in regulating cellular processes such as growth and metabolism, including cell proliferation.

It’s the beta-glucans and glycoproteins that are the star ingredients here. Once inside the blood stream, the beta-glucans molecules are directly taken up by white blood cells called macrophages. Once inside the lymph nodes and bone marrow the beta-glucans link with the receptors of immune cells called neutrophils and eosinophils and directly active them. The glycoproteins cause a direct increase in the number and activity of macrophages, neutrophils, NK (natural killer) cells and some T lymphocytes while improving the segregation of specific cytokines.

Lion's Mane helps to regenerate the epithelial membrane of the gastrointestinal tract, making it more impermeable. Think of the lining of the gut as a mosquito screen with tiny holes in it, covered with mucus and loads of healthy bacteria and microorganisms. Sometimes the holes can become larger, or open too often, causing something commonly known as Leaky Gut. Lion’s Mane helps regenerate the screen, or epithelium. It can also help directly improve the content and diversity of the microbiome.

Hericenones and erinacines have been shown to have adaptogenic action against stress and anxiety and help to support mood. This occurs through their ability to support the release of nerve growth factor, which helps regulate mood.
There are not many human trials and they are mostly self-reported, but several trials where lion’s mane has been consumed for 4 weeks or more have shown positive reduction in stress and depressive symptoms.